ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of differences in performance including differences in ST-T wave changes between healthy men and women submitted to an exercise stress test. Two hundred (45.4 percent) men and 241 (54.6 percent) women (mean age: 38.7 ¡À 11.0 years) were submitted to an exercise stress test. Physiologic and electrocardiographic variables were compared by the Student t-test and the chi-square test. To test the hypothesis of differences in ST-segment changes, data were ranked with functional models based on weighted least squares. To evaluate the influence of gender and age on the diagnosis of ST-segment abnormality, a logistic model was adjusted; P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Rate-pressure product, duration of exercise and estimated functional capacity were higher in men (P < 0.05). Sixteen (6.7 percent) women and 9 (4.5 percent) men demonstrated ST-segment upslope ¡Ý0.15 mV or downslope ¡Ý0.10 mV; the difference was not statistically significant. Age increase of one year added 4 percent to the chance of upsloping of segment ST ¡Ý0.15 mV or downsloping of segment ST ¡Ý0.1 mV (P = 0.03; risk ratio = 1.040, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 1.002-1.080). Heart rate recovery was higher in women (P < 0.05). The chance of women showing an increase of systolic blood pressure ¡Ü30 mmHg was 85 percent higher (P = 0.01; risk ratio = 1.85, 95 percentCI = 1.1-3.05). No significant difference in the frequency of ST-T wave changes was observed between men and women. Other differences may be related to different physical conditioning.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Electrocardiography/methods , Exercise Test/methods , Heart Rate/physiology , Cohort Studies , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Controversy exists regarding the diagnostic accuracy, optimal technique, and timing of exercise testing after percutaneous coronary intervention. The objectives of the present study were to analyze variables and the power of exercise testing to predict restenosis or a new lesion, 6 months after the procedure. Eight-four coronary multi-artery diseased patients with preserved ventricular function were studied (66 males, mean age of all patients: 59 ± 10 years). All underwent coronary angiography and exercise testing with the Bruce protocol, before and 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. The following parameters were measured: heart rate, blood pressure, rate-pressure product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure), presence of angina, maximal ST-segment depression, and exercise duration. On average, 2.33 lesions/patient were treated and restenosis or progression of disease occurred in 46 (55 percent) patients. Significant increases in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.022), rate-pressure product (P = 0.045) and exercise duration (P = 0.003) were detected after the procedure. Twenty-seven (32 percent) patients presented angina during the exercise test before the procedure and 16 (19 percent) after the procedure. The exercise test for the detection of restenosis or new lesion presented 61 percent sensitivity, 63 percent specificity, 62 percent accuracy, and 67 and 57 percent positive and negative predictive values, respectively. In patients without restenosis, the exercise duration after percutaneous coronary intervention was significantly longer (460 ± 154 vs 381 ± 145 s, P = 0.008). Only the exercise duration permitted us to identify patients with and without restenosis or a new lesion.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Coronary Disease/therapy , Exercise Test/methods , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Restenosis/diagnosis , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Follow-Up Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Neste artigo apresentam-se as arritmias mais encontradas na criança e no adolescente. Enfoca-se sob a óptica do cardiologista pediátrico, enfatizando-se o diagnóstico da arritmia e a conduta terapêutica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Infant, Newborn , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology , Heart Block/therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular , PediatricsABSTRACT
Neste trabalho apresentamos estudos preliminares na pesquisa de parâmetros e/ou métodos que melhoram a sensibiliade e especificidade do teste ergométrico. Adotamos a configuraçäo ortogonal de FRANK de eletrodos para aquisiçäo das projeçöes X, Y e Z do ECG. O índice IND incorpora variaçöes, com exercício, da área do segmento ST-T em relaçäo ao repouso, e é independente da posiçäo do coraçäo na caixa torácica ou volume torácico. Mostra-se que as médias do IND säo estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos de normais e isquêmicos. empregando-se a Regressäo Logística, foram selecionadas variáveis capazes de diferenciar estes grupos com sensibilidade de 81,3% e especificidade de 91,4%